cv-qualifier
CV stands for Constant-Volatile. The declaration of an object that is not preceded by const and/or volatile is a cv-unqualified type. On the other hand, the declaration of an object that is preceded by const and/or volatile is a cv-qualified type. ``` struct foo { void test() { std::cout << "test" << std::endl; } void test() const { std::cout << "test const" << std::endl; } }; foo f1; f1.test(); // prints "test" foo const f2; f2.test(); // prints "test const" foo().test(); // prints "test" ```