Database design is a collection of processes that facilitate the designing, development, implementation and maintenance of enterprise data management systems. Properly designed database are easy to maintain, improves data consistency and are cost effective in terms of disk storage space. The database designer decides how the data elements correlate and what data must be stored.
The main objectives of database designing are to produce logical and physical designs models of the proposed database system.
The logical model concentrates on the data requirements and the data to be stored independent of physical considerations. It does not concern itself with how the data will be stored or where it will be stored physically.
The physical data design model involves translating the logical design of the database onto physical media using hardware resources and software systems such as database management systems (DBMS).