The Format specifier is a string used in the formatted input and output functions. The format string determines the format of the input and output. The format string always starts with a '%' character.
Format specifier |Description
-----|-----
%d or %i |It is used to print the signed integer value where signed integer means that the variable can hold both positive and negative values.
%u |It is used to print the unsigned integer value where the unsigned integer means that the variable can hold only positive value.
%o |It is used to print the octal unsigned integer where octal integer value always starts with a 0 value.
%x |It is used to print the hexadecimal unsigned integer where the hexadecimal integer value always starts with a 0x value. In this, alphabetical characters are printed in small letters such as a, b, c, etc.
%X |It is used to print the hexadecimal unsigned integer, but %X prints the alphabetical characters in uppercase such as A, B, C, etc.
%f |It is used for printing the decimal floating-point values. By default, it prints the 6 values after '.'.
%e/%E |It is used for scientific notation. It is also known as Mantissa or Exponent.
%g |It is used to print the decimal floating-point values, and it uses the fixed precision, i.e., the value after the decimal in input would be exactly the same as the value in the output.
%p |It is used to print the address in a hexadecimal form.
%c |It is used to print the unsigned character.
%s |It is used to print the strings.
%ld |It is used to print the long-signed integer value.