variable shadowing in Java

Variable shadowing happens when we define a variable in a closure scope with a variable name that is the same as one for a variable we've already defined in an outer scope.
Java does not allow local variables to shadow other local variables. A local variable can shadow a member variable however.
```
class X {  
    public static void main(String args[])     {
        int a = 2;
        {
            int a = 3; // not work
        }       
    }
}
```
The reason Java does not allow this is simply that it generally leads to hard to read code because something with the same name points to something else.
```
class C {
    String name = "C";
    void print() {
        System.out.print(name);
    }
}

class Main extends C {
    String name = "Main";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        C c = new Main();
        c.print(); // C
        System.out.println(c.name); // C
    }
}

```
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